Database Paradigms

flowchart LR
    A[Choose Database Structure] --> B{Type of Data and Use Case}

    %% OLAP Variants
    B --> C[Analytical Needs?]
    C -->|Yes| D[OLAP Variants]
    D --> D1[MOLAP]
    D --> D2[ROLAP]
    D --> D3[HOLAP]

    D1 --> D11[Use if precomputed cubes and fast queries needed]
    D2 --> D21[Use if working directly on relational data is preferred]
    D3 --> D31[Use if a balance of MOLAP and ROLAP is ideal]

    %% Data Lakes
    C -->|No| E[Handle Unstructured or Semi-structured Data?]
    E -->|Yes| F[Data Lake]
    F --> F1[Ideal for IoT, web scraping, large datasets]

    %% Real-time OLAP Databases
    F -->|No| G[Real-time Analytics?]
    G -->|Yes| H[Real-time OLAP Databases]
    H --> H1[Low-latency and fast querying, examples include Druid and Pinot]
    H --> H2[Streaming databases for continuous data processing, such as RisingWave]

    %% NoSQL Databases
    G -->|No| I[Flexible Schema?]
    I -->|Yes| J[NoSQL Databases]
    J --> J1[Document Store like MongoDB for JSON data]
    J --> J2[Graph Database like Neo4j for relationship-focused data]

    %% In-Memory OLAP
    I -->|No| K[Need for High-Speed, In-Memory Processing?]
    K -->|Yes| L[In-Memory OLAP]
    L --> L1[Ideal for time-sensitive analytics with reduced disk access]

    %% Self-Service BI
    K -->|No| M[Enable Business User Exploration?]
    M -->|Yes| N[Self-Service BI]
    N --> N1[Column-store with ad hoc analysis for non-technical users]

    %% Cloud-based Analytics (COLAP)
    M -->|No| O[Scalability and Cost Efficiency Priority?]
    O -->|Yes| P[COLAP]
    P --> P1[Scalable, hosted OLAP on cloud platforms]

    %% Emerging Paradigms
    B -->|Alternative Needs| Q{Emerging Paradigms}
    
    %% Data Lakehouse
    Q --> R[Data Lakehouse]
    R --> R1[Combines lake and warehouse features for diverse analytics]

    %% NewSQL
    Q --> S[NewSQL]
    S --> S1[Scalable and ACID-compliant, supports OLAP and OLTP]

    %% HTAP
    Q --> T[HTAP]
    T --> T1[Unified transactional and analytical workloads]

    %% Data Mesh
    Q --> U[Data Mesh]
    U --> U1[Distributed ownership, scalable in federated organizations]

    %% Multi-Model Databases
    Q --> V[Multi-Model Databases]
    V --> V1[Supports various data models for flexible applications]

    %% Vector Databases
    Q --> W[Vector Databases]
    W --> W1[Optimized for high-dimensional data in ML and AI]

    %% Serverless Databases
    Q --> X[Serverless Databases]
    X --> X1[Cost-effective with automatic scaling for varying workloads]

    

flowchart LR
    Start[Start] --> Q1{What is the primary focus?}
    
    %% Option A Branch
    Q1 -->|A| A[Transactional processing]
    A --> A1{Type of structured data?}
    A1 -->|Traditional relational| A1a[Relational Databases]
    A1 -->|Object-like data| A1b[Object-Oriented Databases]
    
    %% Option B Branch
    Q1 -->|B| B[High-performance access]
    B --> B1{Primary requirement?}
    
    %% B1: Simple lookups branch
    B1 -->|Simple lookups| B2{Need embedded?}
    B2 -->|Yes| B2a[Embedded Key-Value Stores]
    B2 -->|No| B2b[Key-Value Stores]
    
    %% B2: High throughput branch
    B1 -->|High throughput| B3{Time-series data?}
    B3 -->|Yes| B4{Need embedded?}
    B4 -->|Yes| B4a[Embedded Time-Series DB]
    B4 -->|No| B4b[Time-Series Databases]
    B3 -->|No| B3b[Wide-Column Stores]
    
    %% Other B branches
    B1 -->|In-memory storage| B5[In-Memory Databases]
    B1 -->|Read-heavy analytics| B6[Columnar Databases]
    B1 -->|Real-time processing| B7[Real-Time Databases]
    
    %% Option C Branch
    Q1 -->|C| C[Complex relationships/specialized data]
    C --> C1{Specialized requirement?}
    
    %% Complex relationships branch
    C1 -->|Complex relationships| C2{Need embedded?}
    C2 -->|Yes| C2a[Embedded Graph DB]
    C2 -->|No| C2b[Graph Databases]
    
    %% Other specialized types
    C1 -->|Document/semi-structured| C3[Document-Oriented DB]
    C1 -->|Advanced search| C4[Search Engine DB]
    C1 -->|Spatial data| C5[Spatial Databases]
    C1 -->|Vector data| C6[Vector Databases]
    C1 -->|Historical tracking| C7[Temporal Databases]
    C1 -->|Event storage| C8[Event Store DB]
    C1 -->|Uncertain data| C9[Probabilistic DB]
    C1 -->|Rule-based logic| C10[Deductive DB]
    C1 -->|Multiple data models| C11[Multi-Model DB]

flowchart LR
    Start[Start] --> Q1{What is the primary requirement?}
    
    %% Option A Branch
    Q1 -->|A| A[Complex queries & transactional integrity]
    A --> A1{Type of structured data handling?}
    A1 -->|Traditional relational| A1a[Relational Databases]
    A1 -->|Complex object-like| A1b[Object-Oriented Databases]
    A1 -->|Simple parent-child| A1c[Hierarchical Databases]
    A1 -->|Complex many-to-many| A1d[Network Databases]
    
    %% Option B Branch
    Q1 -->|B| B[Semi-structured/unstructured data]
    B --> B1{Nature of requirement?}
    B1 -->|Documents/nested data| B1a[Document-Oriented Databases]
    B1 -->|Advanced search| B1b[Search Engine Databases]
    B1 -->|Vector data| B1c[Vector Databases]
    
    %% Option C Branch
    Q1 -->|C| C[High-speed data access]
    C --> C1{Primary requirement?}
    C1 -->|Simple lookups| C2{Need embedded?}
    C2 -->|Yes| C2a[Embedded Key-Value Stores]
    C2 -->|No| C2b[Key-Value Stores]
    C1 -->|High throughput| C3[Wide-Column Stores]
    C1 -->|In-memory access| C4[In-Memory Databases]
    C1 -->|Read-heavy analytics| C5[Columnar Databases]
    C1 -->|Real-time processing| C6[Real-Time Databases]
    
    %% Option D Branch
    Q1 -->|D| D[Time-based data]
    D --> D1{Specific requirement?}
    D1 -->|Time-series data| D2{Need embedded?}
    D2 -->|Yes| D2a[Embedded Time-Series DB]
    D2 -->|No| D2b[Time-Series Databases]
    D1 -->|Historical tracking| D3[Temporal Databases]
    
    %% Option E Branch
    Q1 -->|E| E[Complex relationships]
    E --> E1{Relationship type?}
    E1 -->|Social/recommendations| E2{Need embedded?}
    E2 -->|Yes| E2a[Embedded Graph DB]
    E2 -->|No| E2b[Graph Databases]
    E1 -->|Legacy many-to-many| E3[Network Databases]
    E1 -->|Legacy parent-child| E4[Hierarchical Databases]
    
    %% Option F Branch
    Q1 -->|F| F[Advanced/specialized data]
    F --> F1{Specialized requirement?}
    F1 -->|Advanced search| F1a[Search Engine Databases]
    F1 -->|Vector data| F1b[Vector Databases]
    F1 -->|Spatial data| F1c[Spatial Databases]
    F1 -->|Uncertain data| F1d[Probabilistic Databases]
    F1 -->|Event storage| F1e[Event Store Databases]
    F1 -->|Rule-based logic| F1f[Deductive Databases]
    F1 -->|Multiple models| F1g[Multi-Model Databases]
    
    %% Option G Branch
    Q1 -->|G| G[Embedded solutions]
    G --> G1{Specific requirement?}
    G1 -->|Lightweight| G1a[Embedded Databases]
    G1 -->|On-the-fly analytics| G1b[Embedded Analytical DB]
    G1 -->|Time-series| G1c[Embedded Time-Series DB]
    G1 -->|Complex relationships| G1d[Embedded Graph DB]
    G1 -->|Simple storage| G1e[Embedded Key-Value Stores]